They are used to prevent gas and fluid leaks in static and dynamic applications and are manufactured from various types of elastomers. For a high-pressure seal to work to optimal levels, o-ring design and manufacture again depends on choosing specific materials for better performance under specific conditions. This catalog lists Koyo oil seals and O-rings, including all items of the dimension series specified in ISO, JIS and JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards Organization) standards. Gaskets are by far the most versatile seal, with different shapes, materials, coatings, methods, etc. A seal may consist of more than one component, such as an O-ring and a backup ring, or possibly an O-ring and two backup rings. This articles describes some of the commonly used mechanical seal types like Cartridge type mechanical seals, Balanced type, Unbalanced type, Conventional, Pusher, and Non-Pusher type of mechanical seals. The design of the O-ring groove is relatively straightforward -- by following well-developed rules for groove geometry, an economical and reliable seal is obtained. It basically comprises of a cross-section, which is designed into a groove. O-ring manufacture usually relies on techniques like compression, transfer or injection moulding, machining, or extrusion. When compared with an O-ring, these other seal types may show one or more design disadvantages which might be overcome by use of an O-ring. How to Select Rubber Seals and Gaskets for Your Application. **Disclaimer: It is never safe to assume an o-ring … Common elastomers for use in aerospace-type applications include nitriles, ethylene-propylene, fluorosilicones and more. Why silicone lubricant grease is the best type for rubber o-rings and seals. Parbak™ Back-Up Rings. For use in an engine, an oil o-ring has to be created specifically from compatible hybrid materials that allow it to maintain crucial o-ring properties (flexibility, incompressibility) while offering more robust resistance to heat, pressure, o-ring leaking and chemical attack than a standard elastomer typically could. These dimensions will also be different if the O-ring is sealing a liquid which has a low volume The O-Ring sits in the middle of a gland when it’s at rest, but as pressure begins to rise in the sealing system, the O-Ring shifts to the opposite side of the pressure. While all o-rings require some degree of lubrication in order to perform to optimal levels, dynamic o-rings require heavier and more frequent lubrication (as well as more regular checking, maintenance and replacement) than static versions. The u-cup is ideal for use on linear moving shafts and piston heads, because unlike an o-ring the shape does not try to roll with the movement and create friction. In addition to the standard torus-shaped o-rings that are familiar worldwide, they’re also produced in other shapes (square-cut, x-shaped, quad rings, etc) for more specific applications as and when required. Low temperature performance. TNG type TG58U is the Rugged mechanical seals, with Mutil-Spring,O-ring pusher design. Aircraft o-rings and aerospace o-rings generally need to be highly chemically resistant, and able to operate within a wide range of temperatures and pressures in order to keep an aerospace craft’s powertrain running cleanly, efficiently and smoothly. However, mechanical failure under high pressure can easily cause extrusion or destruction of the o-ring, which is why it’s important to choose the right material for the precise environment you’re looking to use it in. At 50% or more it becomes a ‘high nitrile’ product, intended for use in hydrocarbon applications, while below 18% is considered ‘low nitrile’ for use in very low-temperature systems. Because there are so many different sizes and gauges of o-ring distributed throughout most aircraft engines and systems, most sales for aerospace and aeronautics are through bulk orders of multi-size o-ring kits. Longer stroke applications require thicker cross sectional O-Rings. What is a rubber compound? It is widely used … O-rings function on the principle that even pressure placed on the (more or less incompressible) o-ring material creates predictable deformation patterns around the perimeter of the gasket in its groove. Nitrile o-rings are a popular type of rubber seal gasket that’s used in a wide range of applications and environments - they’re broadly seen as a general-purpose o-ring type, with reasonably resistant sealing properties against water, gasoline, petroleum … This system is suitable for lower level hazards, provided that release of microorganisms is minimized and there are adequate disinfection procedures for dealing with leakages ( Werner, 1992 ). O-ring rubber seals are available in a very wide range of gasket and o-ring types, including natural rubber as well as a large array of other elastomer and compound products. Up to a point, this will create a tighter and tighter seal, but it’s vital not to put more stress on an o-ring than it’s designed to handle, as too much deformation will eventually cause the seal to start leaking again. In other words, O-rings are used to keep fluid or air IN or OUT of a defined space. They were first brought to market way back at the dawn of the 20th century - and yet, for all their absolute simplicity and the very basic nature of the role they perform, they’re still incredibly widely used today. The various types of O-ring seals are described in this section under “Scope of O-Ring Use.” O-rings are also used as light-duty, mechani-cal drive belts. However, as a rough guide to o-ring temperature rating and use limits, some of the more popular materials on sale generally operate within the following sorts of temperature ranges: Hydrogenated nitrile: anywhere from -45 C to 150 C, Polyacrylate: anywhere from -25 C to 175 C, Ethylene-propylene: anywhere from -50 C to 135 C, Chloroprene: anywhere from -40 C to 120 C, Butyl (petroleum compound): anywhere from -55 C to 205 C, Fluorosilicone: anywhere from -60 C to 205 C, Fluorocarbon: anywhere from -25 C to 205 C. High-pressure resistance is a common requirement of industrial o-rings, along with reliable performance in high temperature and dynamic environments. It is ideal for use with environmentally hazardous and abrasive fluids, most often used in pumps in pulp mills, minerals processing and other slurry duties. Know How to Identify O-ring Failure in Fluid-Power Systems. The O-ring is one of the simplest, most common types of seal for a wide range of static and dynamic applications. NBR 70 o-rings are also suitable for food-grade use once compounded appropriately. There are any number of high-performance materials used in the production of o-rings, ranging from nitrile and silicone rubber to fluorocarbons, metals and more. To do this, they use a biomedical silicone o ring, which forms a perfect seal and keeps the new tooth safe. A seal may consist of more than one component, such as an O-ring and a backup ring, or possibly an O-ring and two backup rings. They provide excellent and robust sealing properties in static applications but are often unsuitable for dynamic environments; metal o-rings are best when used as standard gaskets. An oil seal used for sealing a rotating member is called a rotary seal. To achieve food grade approval, an o-ring manufacturer must also take into account extractable ingredients/compounds if the seal is to be used in direct contact with aqueous, acidic or fatty foods and drinks. The point of the seal is to keep the air in, and push it out the other side, which increases performance. O-Ring Groove Design Overview. A seal that is not subjected to any type of movement when pressurized. A shaft hardness value of 55 Rockwell is typically required for a successful rotary O-Ring. Cold set must be avoided: In applications where cryogenic operations work alongside higher temperature operations, the risk of stresses on the o-ring being unable to relax at low temperatures is high when the wrong type of seal is used. entirely with elastomeric O-rings. Glide ring seal with an O-ring energizer for light- to medium duty applications, made of PTFE 40% bronze with an NBR O-ring. More information, including design criteria on O-ring … NBR O-ring seal temperature rangeWorking NBR o-ring temperature range is anywhere from about -35 c to 120 c. Like NBR, Buna-N o-rings are also nitrile products. What You Should Know About 4 FDA-Grade O-ring Materials? More information, including design criteria on O-ring drive belts and their application will be found in This post discusses static and dynamic types in detail. Metal Spring Energised C Ring Seals provide a broad temperature range resistance of between -253° and +1100°C. 3.3.2.1 O-ring seals and grooves. More information, including design criteria on O-ring drive belts and their application will be found in They offer good resistance to high temperatures (up to 210 C), but are prone to failure below -15 C in dynamic applications when they tend to become too stiff and inflexible. 5. The base monomer or monomers is used to classify the type of rubber, for example: Nitrile, Silicone or Neoprene. Potential drawbacks of NBR, Buna-N and other nitrile o-rings include limited ability to withstand particularly high temperatures, and weaker ozone, UV and weather resistance than many other o-ring types. Where O-rings are used. Nov 28 2016 O-Rings and Seals for Automotive Transmission Fluid. Reciprocating Dynamic Seals; O-Rings are used within dynamic reciprocating applications, usually hydraulic or pneumatic piston or rod seals. An O-Ring is the most widely used type of seal. Depending on the type of material chosen, they can seal at a wide range of temperatures and pressures. O-Ring and Seal Material Guide for Oil and Gas Industry . Generally speaking, O-rings are used as static seals. Silicone o-rings are very much a gasket/sealant industry standard today. Nitrile - also known as NBR - is probably the most widely used elastomer in the seal industry at the time of writing. Nitrile O-ring seals. Static seals are categorized on the basis of squeeze, which is applied on the cross section of the O-ring. The O-Ring is very much an indispensable component. Liquid or air pressure "inflates" the u-cup and affects a seal. Be the First to Know. For more advice and information on suitable products to use as engine o-rings, feel free to contact our customer service team through the support pages on our site. Basically an O-ring is used to block a pathway that fluid or air may escape through. Dynamic Seals O-Ring. The more internal pressure is applied to this join, the more the o-ring is distorted inside its groove, which can improve its overall sealing force up to a point - but beyond a certain pressure, or under more dynamic workloads, this can cause failure of the seal. Glide ring seal with an O-ring energizer for light- to medium-duty applications, made of hard grade polyurethane and an NBR O-ring. Carbon dioxide often presents an issue for many types of o-rings, as softer materials have a tendency to absorb the gas over time and swell up. Resistance to petroleum oils, acids, silicone fluids is good, and Viton® is highly resistant to oxidation, UV damage, fungus, ozone, oils, and petroleum-based lubricants. [Figure 1] Hydraulic seals used between nonmoving fittings … Below are a variety of o-ring colors and the most common materials associated with each color. Silicone rubber compounds typically offer very good resistance to ozone, acids, water, and decent resistance to weathering and heat, making them great for outdoor applications. Used as static, dynamic, radial or face seals. Phelps carries a wide range of O'rings for various fluid sealing applications. Let’s examine some specific types of seals in each category. There are various types and arrangement of the mechanical seals being used for the centrifugal pumps. Oil and Gas Drilling O-rings (ED Resistant O-rings, Norsok M-710 Seals, NACE TM0297 Seals) Automotive O-rings and Oil Seals : Good Wear Resistance Moderate Compression Set Resistance Moderate Short-Term Resilience Excellent Permeation Resistance : Neoprene® (Chloroprene) Standard: -35°F to 250°F Specialty: -67°F to 250°F : Refrigerants (Freon) To keep the air sealed in and ensure a powerful shot, o rings are used throughout the gun. O-rings are very commonly found in pumps, cylinders, connectors and valves, helping to seal joins between separate parts and prevent leaking of fluids and gases. It usually consists of a nitrile rubber O-ring and a support ring (retaining ring). The O-ring is one of the important and simplest types of seals used in various dynamic, as well as static applications. This compression also affects the sealing potential of this seal. Today, the familiar donut-shaped gasket is used in a variety of static or dynamic applications and is one of the most common seals used in machinery throughout the world. An O-ring forms a seal in the plunger tube, and in direct plungers, it also forms a seal in the plunger head. The point of the seal is to keep the air in, and push it out the other side, which increases performance. However, the best choice will always depend on the consideration of other environmental or application factors. Therefore, the best O-Ring material is the material best-suited for the application. O-rings can typically seal to about 8 ° C below their TR-10 value in static applications and down to their TR-10 value in dynamic applications. Some popular choices for use in applications where the o-ring will have extended CO2 contact include polyurethane, PTFE, nitrile, and fluoroelastomers. What is the Difference between Static and Dynamic O-rings? O-rings are very versatile and available in various sizes. As noted above, you’d use an o-ring very similarly to the way you’d use any other type of gasket: the elastomer-based circular cross-section sits in a specially engineered groove (the geometry of which is fairly universal), where it becomes compressed between two or more parts once they’re assembled and interlocked. Universal. The round cross-section is economical to produce and provides a bi-directional seal that is easy to install. In the UK, this applies to natural and synthetic rubbers, elastomers and polymers. O-rings are used primarily for sealing. This is less of a concern for o-rings used in static applications, as the only stress force they’ll be under is usually compression (to which they tend to be fairly resilient). Viton® o-rings are a popular alternative to the widely-used nitrile seals. To prevent this, there are, depending on the application and pressure range different types of seals. An O-ring is a donut, or torus shaped seal typically used to prevent the passing of air or fluid. It is a static seal to prevent hydraulic oil from leaking from the gap between the end cover and the cylinder wall. When applied correctly the O-Ring will function well in most dynamic applications. To ensure a proper working of these seals, it is important that you source them from a reliable manufacturer. Performance of these seals is affected by various variables. In very basic terms, o-ring seals work by sitting in a groove or channel between two surfaces/components that are going to be mated or pushed together. As such, they’re considered an ‘extreme’ performance o-ring sealing solution, designed to offer optimal reliability under, especially tough conditions. O-Ring Colors. This seal prevents particle, vapour and fluid leakage to protect and maintain pressure whilst keeps debris out, ensuring proper function and safety. The force needed to compress the seal is produced by the cross-section diameter, and the durometer. The O-ring is considered a universal sealing device. When an o-ring compound contains the standard 32% nitrile content, it is said to be made from ‘medium nitrile’. O-rings are a form of gasket or seal that features a round cross-section. METAL SPRING ENERGISED C RING SEAL. Know about Different Types of Static Seals. [Figure 1] Hydraulic seals used between nonmoving fittings … John Crane Type SB2A O-ring Pusher Seals deliver maximum reliability and uptime. Glide ring seal with an O-ring energizer for light- to medium-duty applications, made of hard grade polyurethane and an NBR O-ring. Comparison of Common Seal Types. O-Rings. An O-ring is an internal part found on all plunger-system blasters. Over time, repeating this process will start to have an effect on the resilience and uniformity of the materials and the torus shape of the seal, and ultimately the o-ring will need swapping out for a new one if the seal is to remain tight. When vacuum technology components are detachably joined, seals must be used to prevent ambient air from flowing into the vacuum. These are intended for use in basic design consideration and to understand the core principles involved in o-ring gland/groove design. Again, all industrial o-ring purchases should be carefully planned with direct reference to the specific role and environment the seal is required to perform in. Their name, as implied, simply refers to a classic doughnut or torus shape, and they exist purely to create a better, more leak-proof seal between two other components, with the aim usually being to prevent the unwanted escape of gases or liquids. Glide ring seal with an O-ring energizer for light- to medium duty applications, made of PTFE 40% bronze with an NBR O-ring. O-ring seals for Flared Fittings come in two primary types that use O-ring face seals (ORFS): An ORFS fitting has a replaceable elastomeric O-ring held in a groove in the face of the fitting. It’s important to get the balance right between o-ring material, size and working environment in order to fulfil the role you need it to perform. Know About Dynamic Seals and Their Applications. Seals prevent fluids from escaping through the gaps in mating pieces of hardware. It also forms a better seal than plastic. O-rings are normally used as seals in several ways, and dimensions of the groove or gland will also vary with the cross section of the ring, the type of operation, and the amount of pressure used in the system. O-rings are used primarily for sealing. Provided the internal pressure from fluids being contained stays below a given O-ring's contact stress rating, it’s largely impossible for leaks to occur, even under high pressure. IV. Type. O ring Seals 1. NBR o-ring kits and NBR seals are found in a staggering number of applications. An approved food-grade o-ring must only consist of the material(s) declared and approved as food safety compliant in the country of manufacture/sale. A u-cup is an o-ring formed into a u-shaped channel. Known as ‘cold set’, this will create an unviable seal, leading to … Namely: nitrile, EPDM and Neoprene. The seal between the gland plate and stuffing box, this is usually a gasket, or o -ring. Typical applications include fuel cap gaskets, fuel system o-rings, and valve cover seals. III. One of the simplest examples of a static seal is the O-ring. Before we go over types of materials, hardness, sizes and tolerances of O-rings lets talk about how the O-ring actually seals. They’re commonly used due to the inherent resilience of stainless steel o-rings, which means seals can spring back promptly once pressure is reduced. Why is FDA-approved Silicone Rubber Chosen for Gaskets and Seals in the Food Processing Industry? O-Ring Groove Design Overview. Some of the materials used in the manufacture of o-rings have of course become more high-tech over time, but essentially o-rings remain a beautifully straightforward and reliable solution to a problem that was first brought up more than a century ago. Importance of FDA Approved O-Rings in F&B and Pharmaceutical Industries. A number of common seal types, T-Seals, U-Cups, V-Packing and other devices, have been, and are still used for both dynamic and static seals. Our website uses cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better service while searching or placing an order, for analytical purposes and to personalise our advertising to you. These are intended for use in basic design consideration and to understand the core principles involved in o-ring gland/groove design. Spring-energized seals provide durable and reliable sealing solutions in critical applications and under extreme operating conditions in different industries. The end cover seal is used to seal the cylinder end cap and the cylinder wall. Different types of dynamic movements - for example, rotary, reciprocating and oscillating - demand that o-rings be manufactured with different material qualities to perform to the optimal level. Most O-rings are made from synthetic rubbers. Double “O” ring seals have been used for many years to provide an aseptic seal for glass electrodes in stainless steel housings in fermenters. Global O-Ring and Seal has developed o-ring groove design and gland dimension guidelines. 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